Article III, Hypothetical New-World Constitution

Article III. The Judiciary.

Section 1a. The civil judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. Judges of civil law shall be styled arbiter. Arbiters, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

1b. The civil judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the civil laws of the State, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under its authority; To all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; To all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; To controversies to which the State shall be a party; To controversies between two or more inferior governing bodies; between the citizens of the State and foreign states, citizens or subjects.

1c. In all civil cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which the State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact.

1d. In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed an amount to be determined by law, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the State, than according to the law.

Section 2a. The criminal judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Court of Criminal Appeals, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. Judges of criminal law shall be styled magister. Magisters, both of the Court of Criminal Appeals and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

2b. The criminal judicial power shall extend to all cases in, in law and equity, arising under the criminal code of the State, and the Court of Criminal Appeals shall be the final court of appeal for all those indicted and charged under the same. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the district where the said crimes shall have been committed, but when not committed within any district, the trial shall be at such place or places as Congress may by law have directed.

2c. In all criminal cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, the Court of Criminal Appeals shall have original jurisdiction. In all other cases before mentioned, the Court of Criminal Appeals shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact.

2d. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

2e. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the district where in the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

2f. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

2g. The enumeration within these articles, of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the People.

Section 3a. The power of review shall be vested in a Court of Review. Judges of review shall be styled justice. Justices of the Court of Review shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

3b. The power of review shall not be construed to extend to any cases but those bills referred to the Court for review by the several Executive officers. The Court of Review shall be the final arbiter of matters concerning the conformity of these bills to the articles herein. Upon request by the Chair of the Common Council, the President of the Senate, or the President pro tempore of the Senate, the Chief Justice of the Court of Review shall issue an advisory opinion concerning the conformity of any proposed legislation to this Constitution, but that opinion shall not be construed to be final arbitration in this respect.

Section 4a. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

4b. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted.

4c. No person shall be a Councilor or Senator in Congress, or elector of Governor General and Lieutenant Governor, or hold any office, civil or military, under the State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the State, or as a member of any inferior government, or as an executive or judicial officer of thereof, to support the Constitution of the State, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Concerning Rights

The United States Constitution does not grant the citizens of the United States a single right. The Constitution grants nary a human soul a single right. To suggest that "granting" Constitutional rights to terrorists is absurd is, in and of itself, a prime example of absurdity. It is not for the Constitution, nor the government of the United States, nor the People of the United States to grant anyone their rights, for it is, by the very language of the Founders themselves, God who grants to us our rights, and no document or government has the power to take them away. Indeed, the Constitution does not grant rights; it merely protects them. Even if you will not accept the notion of rights as God given, you cannot escape the fact that the Constitution is worded specifically to prevent the government from abridging rights it acknowledges every human being already has.

Amendment I, U.S. Constitution: Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II, U.S. Constitution: ... [T]he right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment IV, U.S. Constitution: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated...

Amendment VI, U.S. Constitution: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed ... and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

In every case in which the Bill of Rights enumerates a right enjoyed by the People, it does not thereby grant that right, it merely prohibits Congress from passing laws to abridge it. Nowhere does it suggest that these are rights to be enjoyed only by U.S. citizens. Nowhere does it suggest that criminals who commit a certain magnitude of atrocious crime are not protected by these prohibitions. All human beings have these rights, and the Constitution prohibits the government from violating them.

Terrorists are no more than atrocious criminals. They attack illegitimate, soft targets in order to inculcate fear among the populace. They murder people and destroy property. Does the magnitude of or motive behind that attack affect the government's capacity to ignore the Constitution when it says, 'In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial...?' For example, was Timothy McVeigh locked away in a military base some hundreds of miles from U.S. soil? Was Timothy McVeigh tried by military tribunals for fear that the civilian courts could not give him an objective trial or that civilian judges and juries could not be trusted with classified information? Was Timothy McVeigh held for years without a trial? No. McVeigh committed the single most deadly act of terrorism on United States soil up until the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York, yet all of his rights as a human being were protected by the United States Constitution and respected by the United States government. If Timothy McVeigh had claimed religious motive for his attack on the federal building in Oklahoma City, would that have changed his conviction or the protection of his rights?

Why, then, should we ignore human rights violations being committed by our own government? Even if you support the War on Terror as I do, there is no reason to treat our prisoners of war as anything less than human beings. If we allow ourselves to think of them and to treat them as if they were less than human, then we have become just like them. Once they are no longer of intelligence value, if there is insufficient evidence to hold them accountable for what they did, then they should be released. If we retain them and charge them with a crime, we should then presume them innocent until proven guilty just as any we would any other criminal, because if we do not, then they cannot have a fair trial. If we cannot give them a fair trial, then how can we maintain our vicegrip hold on our moral high ground? If we cannot extract information from them without convincing them that they are about to die, how can we claim that we do not torture our prisoners?

Nothing is worth becoming that which we seek to destroy.

Clarifying Christian Terminology

The following is addressed to those who claim to be Christians who use the terms 'evangelical' and 'born again' to disparage or to classify believers as radical or apart from the "main-stream" of Christianity.

Christian: The word 'Christian' comes from the Greek word 'Χριστός' (Christos) which in turn is a translation of the Hebrew word 'מָשִׁיח' (Mashiah), 'annointed one.' This a title applied to Jesus of Nazareth by his followers. A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth who is called Jesus the Christ. To be a Christian is to accept the words of Jesus as truth and to obey his commands to the best of one's ability. Because Jesus claimed to be the Son of Man to whom the Ancient of Days would give an everlasting dominion which shall not pass away, one cannot be a Christian unless one accepts the whole of Jesus's teaching as authoritative. (There is no middle ground here. Because of the things that Jesus claimed for himself, he was either a lunatic or a deceiver, or he was the unique Son of God. There is no third option. If you believe he was a lunatic or a deceiver, then everything he said is suspect, and you cannot trust any of it. If you believe he was the Son of God, then everything he said is authoritative.)

Matthew 26 (New King James Version)
63 ... And the high priest answered and said to Him, “I put You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God!”
64 Jesus said to him, “It is as you said. Nevertheless, I say to you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.”

Daniel 7 (New King James Version)
13 “ I was watching in the night visions,
And behold, One like the Son of Man,
Coming with the clouds of heaven!
He came to the Ancient of Days,
And they brought Him near before Him.
14 Then to Him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom,
That all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him.
His dominion is an everlasting dominion,
Which shall not pass away,
And His kingdom the one
Which shall not be destroyed.

Bottom Line: Christians strive to obey the commands of Jesus Christ.

Evangelical: The word 'evangelism' comes from the Greek term εύαγγέλιον (euangelion) or 'good news'. [Eύ (good) + Άγγέλλω (I bring a message)] The term evangelion is also the Greek term translated as 'gospel' in the English New Testament. Therefore, to be evangelical is to spread the good news of the Gospel. Jesus Christ himself commanded his disciples to spread the Gospel to all nations.

Matthew 28 (New King James Version)
16 Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee, to the mountain which Jesus had appointed for them. 17 When they saw Him, they worshiped Him; but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” Amen.

Not only did Jesus command his followers to make disciples, he also singled out for us the two greatest commandments, the second of which was, love your neighbor as yourself.

Mark 12 (New King James Version)
28 Then one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, perceiving that He had answered [the Sadduccees] well, asked Him, “Which is the first commandment of all?” 29 Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is: ‘Hear, O Israel, the LORD our God, the LORD is one. 30 And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment. 31 And the second, like it, is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”

This is important foremost because Jesus also declared that apart from him, no one comes to the Father. Jesus made it abundantly clear that those who did not come through him could not come to the Father at all. Jesus told many parables that consigned those who did not take his message to heart to outer darkness, where there would be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

John 14 (New King James Version)
1 “Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in Me. 2 In My Father’s house are many mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also. 4 And where I go you know, and the way you know.”
5 Thomas said to Him, “Lord, we do not know where You are going, and how can we know the way?” 6 Jesus said to him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me."

So, if a Christian believes that Christ's words are summarily authoritative, then a Christian believes that Christ has commissioned his followers to make disciples of all nations. Further, a Christian believes that the second most important of God's commandments is to love your neighbor as yourself - second only to loving God with all of your being. Next, a Christian believes that no one can come to the Father except through Christ, and if they do not come to the Father, then they will be consigned to a place of darkness and sorrow. If a Christian truly loves his neighbor and truly believes that without Christ, they are doomed to an eternity of wailing and gnashing of teeth, then will that Christian not at least make an attempt to share with his neighbor the good news of Jesus Christ? How can that Christian be considered to be a follower of Christ if he ignores the second greatest commandment of God and sacrifices evangelism on the altar of tolerance?

The object here is not to force your beliefs onto anyone: no one can be made a Christian by the sword any more than they can be made to believe anything else by force. The object is to spread the Gospel. If your neighbor refuses to hear or rejects what you tell them, then you have still fulfilled your obligation to love them and to teach them. However, a Christian's efforts to proselytize cannot and must not be stifled under the guise of freedom of religion because evangelism is essential to the practice of Christianity.

Bottom Line: In order to fulfill Christ's commands, a Christian must make disciples.

Born again: This terminology arises from Christ's teaching of the Pharisee Nicodemus.

John 3 (New King James Version)
1 There was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. 2 This man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, “Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him.”
3 Jesus answered and said to him, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.”
4 Nicodemus said to Him, “How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born?”
5 Jesus answered, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. 6 That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 7 Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ 8 The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear the sound of it, but cannot tell where it comes from and where it goes. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”
9 Nicodemus answered and said to Him, “How can these things be?”
10 Jesus answered and said to him, “Are you the teacher of Israel, and do not know these things? 11 Most assuredly, I say to you, We speak what We know and testify what We have seen, and you do not receive Our witness. 12 If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? 13 No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that is, the Son of Man who is in heaven. 14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, 15 that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life. 16 For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. 17 For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.
18 “He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. 19 And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For everyone practicing evil hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his deeds should be exposed. 21 But he who does the truth comes to the light, that his deeds may be clearly seen, that they have been done in God.”

Here, Jesus makes the claim that no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again. To be born again is made synonymous with immersion in water and with immersion in the Holy Spirit - with baptism.

A baptism is a conversion of the heart, a repentance, sparked by the Holy Spirit, which is then followed by obedience and submission to Christ through the outward proclamation of immersion in water, which symbolizes sharing in the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ. It is a symbol of the cleansing power of Christ's blood shed on the cross for the remission of our sins.

To be born again has nothing to do with radicalism, and the term should not be disparaged nor used disparagingly. If we believe that Christ's words are true, then all Christians must be born again in order to see the kingdom of God.

Bottom Line: Unless you are born again, you cannot see the kingdom of God.

Article II, Hypothetical New-World Constitution

Edit: 1. Changed instances of "appoint all other officers" in the enumerations of powers to the Comptroller and Auditor General, Commissioner General, and Attorney General to "appoint all other principle officers."
2. Added a provision allowing the Governor General to temporarily fill Executive positions vacant due to non-consensus in the Congress concerning qualifications of nominees for Executive candidates.

Article II. The Executive.

Section 1. The powers to execute the laws of the State will be vested in the State Executive Office, which shall be divided into four offices: the office of the chief executive, whose chief executive shall be the Governor General, the department of the Treasury, whose chief executive shall be the Comptroller and Auditor General, the department of State, whose chief executive shall be the Commissioner General, and the department of Justice, whose chief executive shall be the Attorney General. The executive power of the State shall be constrained to the powers herein enumerated and shall not be construed to extend to any powers not herein enumerated. Each of these Executive Officers shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which they shall have been elected, and they shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the State.

Section 2a. All executive power not otherwise delegated to an officer of the Executive shall be vested in a Governor General. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Lieutenant Governor, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows:

2b. The People in each Senate district will choose from among themselves, in such manner as the Congress may direct, one elector. No Councilor or Senator, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the State, shall be appointed an elector.

2c. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the State.

2d. The electors shall meet in the Capital and consider among themselves the Candidates for Governor General and Lieutenant Governor. Once considered, the electors shall vote by ballot for Governor General and Lieutenant Governor, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same Senate district as themselves. They shall name in their ballots the person voted for as Governor General, and in distinct ballots, the person voted for as Lieutenant Governor, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as Governor General, and of all persons voted for as Lieutenant General, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the President of the Senate.

2e. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Common Council and the Senate, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for Governor General shall be Governor General, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person having such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as Governor General, the Common Council shall choose immediately, by ballot, the Governor General. A quorum for this purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of Councilors, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Common Council shall not choose a Governor General whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them before noon on the twentieth day of the year next following, then the Lieutenant Governor shall be Governor General. No person except a natural born citizen shall be eligible to the office of Governor General, neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have been fourteen years a resident within the State. No person shall be elected to the office of the Governor General more than twice, and no person who has held the office of Governor General, or acted as Governor General, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected Governor General shall be elected to the office of the Governor General more than once.

2f. The person having the greatest number of votes as Lieutenant Governor shall be Lieutenant Governor, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Lieutenant Governor. A quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. No person ineligible to the office of Governor General shall be eligible to that of Lieutenant Governor.

2g. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Common Council may choose a Governor General whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Lieutenant Governor whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 3a. In the case of removal of the Governor General from office or of his death or resignation, the Lieutenant Governor shall become Governor General.

3b. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Lieutenant Governor, the Governor General shall nominate a Lieutenant Governor who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

3c. Whenever the Governor General transmits to the Chair of the Common Council and the President pro tempore of the Senate his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Lieutenant Governor as Acting Governor General.

3d. Thereafter, when the Governor General transmits to the Chair of the Common Council and the President pro tempore of the Senate his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Lieutenant Governor and a majority of either the chief officers of the executive or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the Chair of the Common Council and the President pro tempore of the Senate their written declaration that the Governor General is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two thirds vote of both Houses that the Governor General is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Lieutenant Governor shall continue to discharge the same as Acting Governor General. Otherwise, the Governor General shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

Section 4a. The Governor General shall be commander in chief of the military forces of the State, and of the militia, when called into the actual service of the State; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive offices, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the State, except in cases of impeachment.

4b. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur. He shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, Court of Criminal Appeals, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. The Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the Governor General alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

4c. The Lieutenant Governor shall nominate, and by and with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint judges of the Court of Review.

Section 5. The Governor shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the State, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in cases of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper. He shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers. He shall take care that laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the military forces of the State.

Section 6a. The power and responsibility to fully and faithfully execute the State tax code shall be vested in the Comptroller and Auditor General. He shall hold his office during the term of four years and be elected as follows:

6b. The Governor General shall nominate no fewer than three qualified candidates for the office of Comptroller and Auditor General, and upon the approval of no fewer than three qualified candidates by both Houses of Congress, the People shall elect one of the several candidates by popular vote. If the Congress shall not approve at least three qualified candidates before noon on the twentieth day of the year next following, the Court of Review shall determine the qualification of the nominees. No person except a natural born citizen shall be eligible to the office of Comptroller and Auditor General, neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have been ten years a resident within the State. Congress may prescribe further qualifications for the office of Comptroller and Auditor General to include academic degree and years of relevant work experience; however, Congress may prescribe no additional qualifications until the population of the State shall exceed one million persons, and Congress may prescribe no additional qualifications that would reduce the number of qualified citizens to less than one half of one one-thousandth of the population of the State.

Section 7a. Any bill concerning the appropriation of funds, which shall have passed the Common Council and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Comptroller and Auditor General. If he approves, he shall sign it, but if not, he may strike out individual appropriations as he deems necessary until he approves of the bill. If he so strikes any appropriations, he shall refer the bill with his objections and a list of appropriations stricken to the Congress. Upon a two thirds vote of both Houses, the stricken appropriations will be restored, and the bill shall become law. If a two thirds consensus to restore the bill cannot be reached, the bill shall become law excepting those appropriations stricken by the Comptroller and Auditor General.

7b. The authority to regulate the value of State currency, and of foreign currency shall be vested in a State Reserve Bank, which shall be governed by a Board of directors. The State Reserve Board shall be charged with the responsibility of limiting inflation of the State economy and of limiting unemployment. They shall have all necessary and proper powers to regulate the monetary policy of the State in order to execute this charge and may do so according to their good judgment. The size and composition of, and qualifications of members of the State Reserve Board shall be determined by law. The Comptroller and Auditor General shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint all principle officers of the State Reserve, who shall hold their offices in good behavior. The State Reserve may lend no monies to the Government.

7c. The Comptroller and Auditor General shall, by virtue of his office, be the Secretary of the Treasury and may exercise any executive power devolved to him by the Congress and the Governor General in this capacity. He shall have the power to nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint all other principle officers of the Department of the Treasury.

Section 8a. The power and responsibility to fully and faithfully execute State election law shall be vested in the Commissioner General. He shall supervise, and by affixing his seal, he shall certify the fair and equitable administration of elections. He shall hold his office during the term of two years and be elected as follows:

8b. The Governor General shall nominate no fewer than three qualified candidates for the office of Commissioner General, and upon the approval of no fewer than three qualified candidates by both Houses of Congress, the People shall elect one of the several candidates by popular vote. If the Congress shall not approve at least three qualified candidates before noon on the twentieth day of the year next following, the Court of Review shall determine the qualification of the nominees. No person except a natural born citizen shall be eligible to the office of Commissioner General, neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have been ten years a resident within the State. Congress may prescribe further qualifications for the office of Commissioner General to include academic degree and years of relevant work experience; however, Congress may prescribe no additional qualifications until the population of the State shall exceed one million persons, and Congress may prescribe no additional qualifications that would reduce the number of qualified citizens to less than one half of one one-thousandth of the population of the State.

Section 9a. Any bill concerning the regulation of elections, qualifications of the electorate, and redistricting of Senate districts according to the apportionment of the population by the Census, which shall have passed the Common Council and the Senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Commissioner General. If he approves, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall refer it with his objections to the Court of Review. If after such consideration of the Court, the bill is ruled to conform to the articles herein, it shall become law. If any bill shall not be referred to the Court by the Commissioner General within ten days, after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it.

9b. The Commissioner General shall, by virtue of his office, be the Secretary of State and may exercise any executive power devolved to him by the Congress and the Governor General in this capacity. He shall have the power to nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint all other principle officers of the Department of State. He shall commission all civil officers of the State.

Section 10a. The power and responsibility to fully and faithfully execute State law concerning law enforcement, criminal justice and corrections shall be vested in the Attorney General. He shall represent the State in all suits, pleas, and cases in the High Courts in which the State may be a party. He shall hold his office during the term of four years and be elected as follows:

10b. The Governor General shall nominate no fewer than three qualified candidates for the office of Attorney General, and upon the approval of no fewer than three qualified candidates by both Houses of Congress, the People shall elect one of the several candidates by popular vote. If the Congress shall not approve at least three qualified candidates before noon on the twentieth day of the year next following, the Court of Review shall determine the qualification of the nominees. No person except a natural born citizen shall be eligible to the office of Attorney General, neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have been ten years a resident within the State. Congress may prescribe further qualifications for the office of Attorney General to include academic degree and years of relevant work experience; however, Congress may prescribe no additional qualifications until the population of the State shall exceed one million persons, and Congress may prescribe no additional qualifications that would reduce the number of qualified citizens to less than one half of one one-thousandth of the population of the State.

Section 11a. Any bill concerning the administration of law enforcement, criminal justice and corrections, which shall have passed the Common Council and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Attorney General. If he approves, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall refer it with his objections to the Court of Review. If after such consideration of the Court, the bill is ruled to conform to the articles herein, it shall become law. If any bill shall not be referred to the Court by the Attorney General within ten days, after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it.

11b. The Attorney General shall, by virtue of his office, be the Secretary of Justice and may exercise any executive power devolved to him by the Congress and the Governor General in this capacity. He shall have the power to nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint all other principle officers of the Department of Justice.

Section 12. The Congress may determine the day on which the People shall give their votes for the offices of Comptroller and Auditor General, Commissioner General, and Attorney General, which day shall be the same throughout the State.

Section 13. In the case of vacancy in the offices of Comptroller and Auditor General, Commissioner General, or Attorney General, the Governor General may issue writs of election to fill the vacancies. Until such time as the vacancies may be filled by elections as prescribed herein, the Congress may provide by law for acting Executive officers to be chosen from among the officers of their respective Executive departments to fill the vacancies; or, if three qualified candidates for the offices of Comptroller and Auditor General, Commissioner General, or Attorney General are not approved and duly elected within thirty days after the Governor General takes office, he may appoint acting Executive officers to hold these offices until such time as the positions may be filled by elections as prescribed herein.

Section 14. The Governor General, Lieutenant Governor, the Executive Officers, and all civil officers of the State shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.